Event Type | Source Description | Source |
Accident | The ILOSDG indicator 8.8.1 covers fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries by 100,000 workers. Data are reported to the UN annually whereas the ILOSDG database in ILOSTAT is updated more regularly and has a wider range of records. | |
Adequate Housing | The Adequate Housing Index provides the first micro-founded, comparative assessment of housing conditions. | |
Basel Convention | UNEP BASEL CONVENTION – The overarching objective of the Basel Convention is to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects of hazardous wastes. We gave penalty to the countries which are not on the list. | |
Biodiversity | The Biodiversity and Habitat issue category assesses countries' actions toward retaining natural ecosystems and protecting the full range of biodiversity within their borders. | |
Child Exploitation | Save the Children – End of Childhood Index scores for countries are calculated on a scale of 1 to 1,000. Countries with higher scores do a better job of protecting childhoods. The scores measure the extent to which children in each country experience childhood enders such as death, chronic malnutrition, being out of school and being forced into adult roles of work, marriage and motherhood. | |
Child Labor | UNICEF – The Children's Rights and Business Atlas helps businesses and industries assess potential and actual impacts on the lives of children and guides the integration of children's rights into due diligence practices and procedures. UN – This dataset is part of the Global SDG Indicator Database compiled through the UN System in preparation for the Secretary-General's annual report on Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. | |
Civil Liberties | FREEDOM HOUSE – The Freedom in the World report is composed of numerical ratings and supporting descriptive texts for 195 countries and 15 territories. External analysts assess 210 countries and territories, using a combination of on-the-ground research, consultations with local contacts, and information from news articles, nongovernmental organizations, governments, and a variety of other sources. | |
Climate Change Mitigation | The 2022 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) ranks 180 countries on 40 performance indicators in 11 issue categories. The EPI's proximity-to-target methodology facilitates cross-country comparisons among economic and regional peer groups. The data set is the result of a collaboration of the Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy (YCELP) and the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN). | |
Corruption | CPI – The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) is the most widely used global corruption ranking in the world. It measures how corrupt each country's public sector is perceived to be, according to experts and businesspeople. A country's score is the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0–100, where 0 means highly corrupt and 100 means very clean. | |
Cultural Rights Violation | For this Event Type the Equal Protection Index data from 2023 was used, which measures the extent to which the state grants and protects rights and freedoms evenly across social groups. | |
Customs Issue | The Index of Economic Freedom focuses on four key aspects of the economic and entrepreneurial environment that governments typically control. We use the field Trade Freedom. | |
Cyber Risk | The Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI) is a comprehensive initiative by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) to measure the commitment of countries to cybersecurity. It is structured around five pillars: legal measures, technical measures, organizational measures, capacity development measures, and cooperative measures. | |
Deforestation | The Deforestation scores for 2026 are based on the UN FAO Forest Resources Assessment (FRA 2025). FRA 2025 examines the status of, and trends in, more than 60 forest-related variables in 236 countries and territories in the period 1990–2025. The values represent annual deforestation rates in 1000 ha/year for the period 2020–2025. | |
Discrimination | WEF – The Global Gender Gap Index was first introduced by the World Economic Forum in 2006 to benchmark progress towards gender parity and compare countries' gender gaps across four dimensions: economic opportunities, education, health and political leadership. | |
Earthquake | INFORM – The INFORM Risk Index identifies the countries at a high risk of humanitarian crisis that are more likely to require international assistance. The INFORM Risk Index model is based on risk concepts published in scientific literature and envisages three dimensions of risk: Hazards & Exposure, Vulnerability and Lack of Coping Capacity. | |
Employment Insecurity | For this Event Type the respective sub-category Employment Security of the Labor Rights Index was used (2024). The indicator considers various aspects of employment security and stability, such as a written employment contract, indefinite vs fixed-term contracts, a probation period, a notice period before termination, and severance pay. | |
Environmental Issue | The Environmental Health policy objective measures how well countries are protecting their populations from environmental health risks. It comprises 25% of the total EPI score and is made up of four issue categories: Air Quality, Sanitation & Drinking Water, Heavy Metals, and Waste Management. | |
Fatality | The ILOSDG indicator 8.8.1 covers fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries by 100,000 workers. Data are reported to the UN annually whereas the ILOSDG database in ILOSTAT is updated more regularly and has a wider range of records. | |
Flood | INFORM – The INFORM Risk Index identifies the countries at a high risk of humanitarian crisis that are more likely to require international assistance. The INFORM Risk Index model envisages three dimensions of risk: Hazards & Exposure, Vulnerability and Lack of Coping Capacity. | |
Freedom | FREEDOM HOUSE – The Freedom in the World report is composed of numerical ratings and supporting descriptive texts for 195 countries and 15 territories. External analysts assess 210 countries and territories, using a combination of on-the-ground research, consultations with local contacts, and information from various sources. | |
Freedom Of Religion | IDEA – The Global State of Democracy is a biennial report that aims to provide policymakers with an evidence-based analysis of the state of global democracy, supported by the GSoD Indices, in order to inform policy interventions and identify problem-solving approaches. | |
Health & Safety Issues | ILOSTAT – This indicator conveys the rate of fatal occupational injuries per 100,000 workers in the reference group. An occupational injury is defined as any personal injury, disease or death resulting from an occupational accident. An occupational accident is an unexpected and unplanned occurrence, including acts of violence, arising out of or in connection with work. | |
Human Rights Violation | FSI – The Fragile States Index is based on a conflict assessment framework known as CAST, developed by FFP. The methodology uses both qualitative and quantitative indicators, relies on public source data, and produces quantifiable results. We used 2023 data. | |
Human Trafficking | ENACT Organised Crime Index – Based on the 2019 ENACT Organised Crime Index for Africa, the Global Organized Crime Index assesses the level of criminality and resilience to organized crime for 193 countries along three key pillars: criminal markets, criminal actors and resilience. | |
Injury | The ILOSDG indicator 8.8.1 covers fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries by 100,000 workers. Data is reported to the UN annually whereas the ILOSDG database in ILOSTAT is updated more regularly and has a wider range of records. | |
Illegal Employment | The Illegal employment scores for 2026 are based on the ILO published Labour statistics for the SDGs. SDG indicator 8.8.2 – Level of national compliance with labour rights (freedom of association and collective bargaining). | |
Inadequate Working Time | For this Event Type average worked hours per week per employed person from ILOSTAT were corrected with unemployment data for 2024 for each country to identify patterns in inadequate labor distribution. | |
Indigenous Right To Lands | RIGHTS AND RESOURCES – In addition to collecting data on legally recognized tenure rights, RRI also sought out expert estimates of the areas where Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and local communities have customary or historic claims, but where their rights are not yet recognized. | |
Infrastructure Issue | Infrastructure by country is ranked on a scale of one to seven, with higher numbers indicating stronger infrastructure. The ranking is based on the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Survey. | |
Labor Dispute | The Labor dispute scores for 2026 are based on the latest version of ITUC Global Rights Index from 2025. The ITUC Global Rights Index depicts the world's worst countries for workers by rating 139 countries on a scale from 1–5 based on the degree of respect for workers' rights. | |
Labor Rights Violation | The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) represents 200 million workers in 168 countries and has 338 national affiliates. The ITUC Global Rights Index depicts the world's worst countries for workers by rating 149 countries on a scale from 1 to 5+ on the degree of respect of workers' rights. | |
Labor Demonstration | The Labor dispute scores for 2026 are based on the latest version of ITUC Global Rights Index from 2025. The ITUC Global Rights Index depicts the world's worst countries for workers by rating 139 countries on a scale from 1–5 based on the degree of respect for workers' rights. | |
Land Degradation | The Agriculture issue category measures efforts to produce food and other agricultural products while minimizing the threats of agriculture to the environment. It is based on four indicators: the Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (SNMI), Relative Yield Index, pesticide pollution risk, and phosphorus surplus. | |
Living Wage | OWD – The data, adjusted for inflation and cost of living differences, is measured in international-$ at 2017 prices and reflects income or consumption per capita. It also includes non-market income sources, such as food grown by subsistence farmers for personal consumption. | |
Mercury Emission | The Mercury Emission scores for 2026 are based on EDGAR's Global Mercury Emissions report. The latest report EDGARv8.1 provides emissions not only for greenhouse gases and air pollutants per sector and country but also for toxic pollutants such as mercury. | |
Minamata Convention | UNEP MINAMATA CONVENTION – The Minamata Convention on Mercury is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury. We gave penalty to the countries which are not on the list. | |
Modern Slavery | The Modern Slavery scores for 2026 are based on the latest version of the Global Slavery Index from 2023. Walk Free uses cutting-edge prevalence estimation techniques including nationally-representative surveys in partnership with Gallup, risk-model extrapolation and multiple systems estimation to measure modern slavery globally. | |
Ocean Plastic Pollution | The 2022 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) ranks 180 countries on 40 performance indicators in 11 issue categories. The EPI's proximity-to-target methodology facilitates cross-country comparisons among economic and regional peer groups. The data set is the result of a collaboration of YCELP Yale University and CIESIN Columbia University. | |
ODS Consumption | UNEP OZONE – Consumption of various controlled substances including BCM, CTC, CFCs, HBFCs, HCFCs, HFCs, Methyl Bromide, Methyl Chloroform and Other Fully Halogenated CFCs. Negative values for a given year imply that quantities destroyed or exported exceeded the sum of production and imports. | |
Political Instability | WGI – The Worldwide Governance Indicators project reports aggregate and individual governance indicators for over 200 countries and territories over the period 1996–2021, for six dimensions of governance including Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism. | |
Pollution | The Air Pollution issue category measures countries' contribution and exposure to air pollution. It consists of two indicators measuring trends in the emissions of acid rain precursors (sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides), and two pilot indicators measuring exposure to ground-level ozone. | |
POP Pollution | CEIP – This is a technical report providing a brief overview of the gap-filling methods used for the GNFR inventory year 2021 for the mandatory heavy metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) and the Persistent Organic Pollutants (Benzo(a)pyrene, Dioxin and Furan, HCB and PCBs). | |
Privacy | OWD – The data is based on the expert estimates and index by V-Dem. It captures the extent to which people are free from forced labor, have property rights, and enjoy the freedoms of movement and religion. | |
Resource Intensity | The Resource Intensity & Efficiency Index is based on both per-capita measurement (intensity) and measurement against total economic output, per e.g. water usage per unit of GDP (economic efficiency; resource usage per unit of value generated). | |
Right to Food | These scores measure how well a country is using its resources to ensure people's right to food is fulfilled. | |
Right to Participation | Based on the expert estimates and index by the Bertelsmann Transformation Index (2024). It combines information on the extent to which elections are free and fair, democratically elected leaders have the effective power to govern, and citizens have the freedoms of association and expression. It ranges from 1 to 10 (most democratic). | |
Sanitation & Hygiene | The Sanitation & Drinking Water issue category measures how well countries protect human health from environmental risks on two indicators: unsafe drinking water and unsafe sanitation. | |
Sexual Wrongdoing | The WORLD Workplace Sexual Harassment Laws 2024 dataset was created to assess progress on laws prohibiting sexual harassment at work through a systematic review of legislation across all 193 UN countries as of January 2024. | |
Social Dialogue Issue | The ILO publishes Labour statistics for the SDGs. SDG indicator 8.8.2 – Level of national compliance with labour rights (freedom of association and collective bargaining) has been used to create Labor demonstration scores for 2026. | |
Social Insecurity | For this Event Type the respective sub-category Social Security of the Labor Rights Index was used (2024). The Social Security category measures how well the country is prepared to protect its citizens from being thrown into poverty when unforeseen catastrophes occur. | |
Stockholm Convention | UNEP STOCKHOLM CONVENTION – The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from chemicals that remain intact in the environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographically, and accumulate in the fatty tissue of humans and wildlife. | |
Torture and Cruelty | OWD – The data is based on the expert estimates and index by V-Dem. It captures the extent to which people are free from government torture and political killings. | |
Toxication | WHO – Measuring how many people die each year from unintentional poisonings provides an indication of the extent of inadequate management of hazardous chemicals and pollution, and of the effectiveness of a country's health system. | |
Transboundary Water Protection | UNSDG – Indicator 6.5.2, Series: Proportion of transboundary basins (river and lake basins and aquifers) with an operational arrangement for water cooperation (%). | |
Tropical Storm | INFORM – The INFORM Risk Index identifies the countries at a high risk of humanitarian crisis that are more likely to require international assistance. The model envisages three dimensions of risk: Hazards & Exposure, Vulnerability and Lack of Coping Capacity. | |
Unethical Labor | The Unethical labor scores for 2026 are based on the ILO published Labour statistics for the SDGs. SDG indicator 8.8.2 – Level of national compliance with labour rights (freedom of association and collective bargaining). | |
Unfair Treatment | For this Event Type the respective sub-category Fair Treatment of the Labor Rights Index was used (2024). The Fair Treatment indicator measures legislation causing wage gap, discrimination in employment matters, sexual harassment at work, employment segregation and unequal access to basic labour protection for gig workers. | |
Volcanic Eruption | The risk is computed based on the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program (GVP) and LaMEVE databases which contain a volcanic eruption index (VEI) that quantifies the eruptive magnitude of past events. | |
Wage Theft | UNSDG – Indicator 1.1.1, Series: Employed population below international poverty line, by sex and age (%). ILOSTAT – This series is based on the 13th ICLS definitions and includes countries that have implemented the 19th ICLS standards. | |
Waste Disposal Problem | The 2022 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) ranks 180 countries on 40 performance indicators in 11 issue categories including waste management. The data set is the result of a collaboration of YCELP Yale University and CIESIN Columbia University. | |
Wildlife Trafficking | Among other crimes, the index contains crimes involving fauna species entailing the poaching and illicit trade in animals and animal products, as well as the possession of species or animal products covered by CITES or protected by national law. | |
Work-life Imbalance | For this Event Type the respective sub-categories Family Responsibilities and Maternity at Work of the Labor Rights Index were used (2024). The Family Responsibilities indicator measures whether labour legislation ensures paternity leave, parental leave and flexible work options. The Maternity at Work indicator measures whether workers get paid maternity leave and are protected from dismissal during pregnancy. | |
Worker Suicide | WHO – Suicide rate estimates, age-standardized. |
Peer Score Indices 2026
Here you can find the overview of indices that Prewave uses to assess its peer scores in 2026. A global overview of indices for standardized, data-driven risk assessments across environmental, social, and governance (ESG) dimensions.